Energy and Power Technology, Part 5

Question 1: Define the following electronic components: terminal, resistor, diode, and amplifier.

Answer 1: Terminal: the point in a circuit where the current is either initiated or broken; for example, a battery has two terminalsResistor: controls the level of current in a circuit by providing resistance; in other words, voltage decreases as current passes through a circuit; most resistors work by converting electrical current into heat, which escapes into the air and is thus taken out of the systemDiode: restricts the flow of current in one direction only; used to convert alternating current to direct current and to amplify the current in one direction; composed of two parts (anode and cathode)Amplifier: any device, such as a transistor or an electron tube, that increase the amplitude of an electrical current; in other words, an amplifier receives an input signal and produces a larger signal with an identical wave form

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Question 2: Define the following electronic components: capacitor, transducer, detector, and transistor.

Answer 2: Capacitor: (also known as a condenser) stores electrical charge temporarily; typically composed of two metal plates separated by a thin insulator (often air); used for controlling and moderating currentTransducer: converts energy into a different form; for instance, a microphone converts sound energy into electricity, a photoelectric cell converts light energy into electricity, and a loudspeaker converts electricity into soundDetector: identifies and possibly responds to certain electrical signalsTransistor: can function in a circuit as a detector, switch, or amplifier

Question 3: Describe the following electronic devices: transformer, switch, and relay.

Answer 3: Transformer: shifts electric energy from one circuit to another, often with a change in current or voltage; for example, a small transformer is used to diminish the current flowing through a doorbell, in order to reduce the risk of serious shock Switch: alternately completes, diverts, or breaks a circuitRelay: a type of switch that, when activated by a small current, initiates a larger current; when the small current reaches the relay, a gate is closed, thus completing the circuit for the larger current; relays are used in television and telephone transmission, in which a small input signal initiates the broadcast of a much larger signalzza4zz

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