English Language Skills, Part 4

Question 1: Describe coordinating and correlative conjunctions.

Answer 1: Conjunctions join words, phrases, and clauses, showing the relationship between them.The categories of conjunctions are coordinating, correlative, and subordinating. Conjunctive adverbs or transition words are another type of conjunction.Coordinating conjunctions join grammatically equal words, phrases, or clauses (two pronouns, two prepositional phrases, two independent clauses, etc.) The coordinating conjunctions are and, but, or, nor.Correlative conjunctions are used in pairs to join two or more words, phrases, or clauses that are grammatically equal.Examples: both...and; not only...but also; either...or; whether...or; neither...nor

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Question 2: Describe subordinating conjunctions.

Answer 2: Subordinating conjunctions introduce adverbial clauses. They join a dependent adverb clause to an independent clause.Cause: as, because, sinceComparison: more than, as...asConditional: even if, if, unlessContrast: although, even though, thoughManner: as, as if, as thoughPlace: where, whereverPurpose: in order that, so thatResult: so...thatTime: after, before, since, until, when

Question 3: Describe mass, collective, and abstract nouns.

Answer 3: Mass nouns are concrete nouns that name things that cannot be separated into individual units--snow, sugar, water, air, toothpaste.Collective nouns identify collections of different kinds of things: equipment, furniture, luggage, traffic. For example, furniture includes chairs, tables, sofas, etc.Abstract nouns identify qualities, emotions, concepts. Abstract nouns name things that cannot be touched, seen, smelled, heard, or tasted--happiness, anger, love, liberty, equality, democracy. Abstract nouns are not introduced by “the” unless the noun is limited or described in some way--the liberty we cherish.

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