Foundations of Education, Part 1
Question 1: Define these two common financial trends: taxpayer resistance and accountability.
Answer 1: Taxpayer resistance is a trend seen since the 1970s. Taxpayers want fewer taxes and are at times resistant to pay more taxes for the purposes of funding education. Accountability refers to a school taking responsibility for the academic achievement of its students. This definition can also be expanded to include the responsibility students and teachers must take for education. In recent years, accountability measures have been put into place and have affected funding eligibility. The most well known of these accountability measures has been the No Child Left Behind act of 2001 that awards schools for performance.
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Question 2: Define tuition tax credits and educational vouchers.
Answer 2: Tuition tax credits are credits applied to annual taxes for tuition paid throughout the year. This benefits parents choosing to place their children in private schools as it offers money-saving options and increases parents’ choice in the schools they send their children to. Educational vouchers are provided to parents through the school districts. These vouchers allow parents to choose where their children attend school; they work as mini grants in some cases. There are a number of states that limit their vouchers for use only for public school. The main benefit of educational vouchers is that low-income families may have the option to send their children out of their school district to a better school.
Question 3: Define establishment clause, free exercise clause, due process clause, and equal protection clause.
Answer 3: The establishment clause is part of the First Amendment, which prohibits the creation of a government-sanctioned religion. The free exercise clause, also part of the First Amendment, refers to the rights of free speech in the United States. The due process clause is part of the Fourteenth Amendment and states that citizens cannot be denied their constitutional rights without due process. The equal protection clause, also a part of the Fourteenth Amendment, protects citizens from being denied protection under the law. These clauses have served educational cases in terms of religion, freedom of speech, and discrimination.
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