Foundations of Education, Part 11
Question 1: Define the pull-out approach.
Answer 1: The pull-out approach is used for students with special needs as well as low-achieving students. With this approach, students are taken out of regular classes for specific subjects, such as reading. While the underlying premise of this approach may seem valid, some suggest it is ineffective. For a child to be taken out of their regular class for part of the day creates inconsistency and general confusion in the school. Firstly, to address the inconsistency created by this approach, students subject to the pull-out approach must adapt to varying teaching styles. Additionally, social isolation may be created for these students. For the school in general, students moving from class to class at the elementary level must be monitored closely, and this movement has been known to increase confusion among staff, teachers, and students. To combat these issues, the NCLB has suggested in-class activities and assistance for these students.
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Question 2: Define multicultural education.
Answer 2: Multicultural education is a valid approach to teaching that encourages individual differences and teaches students about these differences, thus increasing the value of a diverse education. Educators can promote multicultural education by encouraging diverse workgroups in the classroom and promoting interracially positive attitudes among students. Historically, this has not been the approach American education has taken; rather, education has focused on the assimilation of other cultures and ethnic groups into society. In doing so, many cultural groups have been discriminated against and have not been able to reap the full benefits of American education.
Question 3: Define cultural pluralism.
Answer 3: Cultural pluralism is a term developed in the 1960s during the civil rights movement. Up to that point, the metaphor of America as a melting pot had been overused and many realized the limitations this placed on individual differences. In an attempt to describe cultural diversity and not exclude individual differences, the term “cultural pluralism” was developed. With this term came new metaphors for American demographics such as “tossed salad” and “mosaic.” Within education, the use of this term is intended to foster a more positive and tolerant learning environment.
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