Foundations of Education, Part 23
Question 1: Define the purpose and result of the reports “Tomorrow’s Teachers” and “A Nation Prepared.
Answer 1: The “Tomorrow’s Teachers” and “A Nation Prepared” reports were published by the Holms Group in the 1980s and provided a general assessment of American education and teacher preparation. These reports suggested that schools had to increase their standards for teacher preparation. The main recommendation for these reports was that colleges and universities should eliminate the undergraduate teaching major and move it to a master’s level program. While not all universities heeded this recommendation, some did make the recommended changes and some included an additional year to the undergraduate teaching major program.
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Question 2: Define cognitive domain, affective domain, and locus of control.
Answer 2: Cognitive domain is the information-processing system that allows humans to perceive, process, organize, and retain information. This information-processing system will vary for each individual, which results in different learning methods (i.e., visual, auditory, or kinesthetic). The affective domain deals with an individual’s emotions and feelings and how he or she perceives the world. The affective domain has two aspects referred to as locus of control. An individual with an internal locus of control will internalize their successes or failures, while an individual with an external locus of control will externalize their successes or failures.
Question 3: Define the theory of multiple intelligences.
Answer 3: As proposed by Howard Gardner, humans have eight different types of intelligence: (1) Logical-mathematical: These individuals possess an innate understanding of math and science; (2) Linguistic means having an ability to utilize words and grammar (3) Bodily/kinesthetic refers to an individual’s ability at physical movement as in sports; (4) Musical means the ability to understand pitch, rhythm, and melodies; (5) Spatial refers to awareness of an object’s relation to another object; (6) Interpersonal is an increased insight into self; (7) Intrapersonal is an increased insight into others; and (8) Naturalists have an understanding of nature and living creatures. According to this theory, the presence of multiple intelligences better explains the unique talents of individuals.
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