Human Development, Part 1

Question 1: Describe the fourth stage of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development.

Answer 1: The fourth stage of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development is the middle childhood stage, which covers ages six to 10. In this stage, a child is faced with the crisis of industry versus inferiority and is presented with the need to develop the ability to complete productive tasks such as schoolwork and working in groups. If children are unable to learn how to work effectively, either alone or in a group, they will develop a sense of inferiority as a result of their inability to complete the tasks set before them that their peers are capable of completing. For example, if a child is regularly unable to complete their homework because the child does not understand the material while the rest of the child’s peers are not having difficulty, this can lead the child to develop a sense of inferiority.

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Question 2: Describe the fifth stage of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development.

Answer 2: The fifth stage of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development is the adolescence stage, which covers ages 11 to 18. In this stage, the child is faced with the crisis of identity versus role confusion. During this stage, the child attempts to find his or her place in society and identify future goals and the skills and values necessary to achieve those goals. At this stage, the child also becomes more aware of how people perceive him or her and becomes concerned with those perceptions. If the child is unable to determine what future goals he or she is interested in pursuing, it can lead to confusion about what roles the child will play when he or she reaches adulthood.

Question 3: Explain how familial roles of men and women in the United States have changed in the past 50 years.

Answer 3: Fifty years ago, women were the primary caretakers of the family’s children, and they were in charge of maintaining the household while men worked to provide for the family. This has changed, however, because of the drastic increase in the number of women entering the workforce since that time. This is partially because it has become more difficult for families to subsist on one income alone. Both members of the marital couple are often forced to work to provide for the family, which can make it difficult when trying to balance the responsibilities of caretaker and provider. Men, who were once the primary providers for the family, are still out in the workforce, but their spouses have joined them, and both individuals have to find ways to make the time to care for the family’s children .

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