Perception, Learning, and Memory, Part 4
Question 1: Explain joint attention.
Answer 1: Joint attention exists when multiple people are attending to the same object and is required to follow a third party, to encourage other people to attend to an object, or to engage in cooperative action. One of the earliest stages of joint attention is when a child's gaze can be directed through pointing, which occurs by about seven or eight months. After about a year, an infant will be able to direct the attention of another person. The development of joint attention is crucial for learning because teaching is based on being able to persuade others to attend to certain objects.
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Question 2: Discuss attention during early childhood.
Answer 2: In the preschool years, children will become much better at concentrating and prolonging their attention span. First, children will not be able to concentrate, but by the age of four or five, a child should be able to sit for a half hour and attend to a television program. This development in executive and sustained attention is not necessarily mirrored by development in salient attention and planning. This means that children can easily be distracted by more pressing stimuli, and may not be able to concentrate in great detail on the object of their attention.
Question 3: Define executive attention, sustained attention, and salient attention.
Answer 3: Executive attention: Directed thinking related to plans and intentions, as well as to evaluating and correcting mistakes. Executive attention is necessary for monitoring and improving physical and mental tasks.Sustained attention: Directed thinking that rests on a certain task, object, or event for a long period of time.Salient attention: Focus on the stimuli which are most relevant to the intended task ability to ignore loud or flashy distractions.
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