Roles and Responsibilitiesof the Supervisor, Part 2

Question 1: Discuss egoism, relativism, virtue ethics and Kohlberg's model of cognitive moral development.

Answer 1: Egoism is a system of ethics that emphasizes the promotion of personal interests. Egoists tend to believe that if everyone pursues his or her own interest, these interests will balance out. Relativism, on the other hand, is the belief that ethics change depending on the situation. What is ethical in one situation may be unethical in another. Virtue ethics, on the other hand, considers the established social mores to be a minimum standard of behavior and encourages people to go beyond these in their own conduct. Finally, the model of cognitive moral development advanced by Kohlberg outlines three categories of moral actors. Pre-conventional individuals base their behavior on rewards and punishments. Conventional people behave according to the values accepted by society. Finally, principled people adhere to their own moral code.

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Question 2: Describe the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

Answer 2: The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, passed by Congress in 2002, created tight regulations for accounting and reporting corporate financial information. This act came in the wake of several scandals that had diminished the confidence of investors. Corporate boards of directors were required to lower the number of directors directly employed by the corporation, and were required to publish specific statements related to financial reporting. The punishment for violating these provisions could be very severe, including criminal charges as well as fines. Companies are required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act to establish explicit ethical guidelines, create programs for whistleblowers, provide ethical training, reward compliance, and punish noncompliance

Question 3: Discuss some fundamental corporate organizing concepts.

Answer 3: The structure of a corporation can be considered both vertically and horizontally. The vertical structure of a corporation is the hierarchy of command. The horizontal structure of a corporation is the division of specific functional departments, as for instance marketing, sales, and manufacturing. It is important for the employees and functional departments to be differentiated: that is, trained to perform specific tasks. However, it is also important for there to be good communication flow between the various functional departments in a corporation. Information should flow both vertically and horizontally. The ultimate responsibility for this flow of information lies with the executive staff and board of directors.

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