Science, Part 45
Question 1: Define the Law of Conservation of Mass and how it relates to chemical reactions.
Answer 1: The Law of Conservation of Mass in a chemical reaction is commonly stated as follows:In a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed.What this means is that there will always be the same total mass of material after a reaction as before. This allows for predicting how molecules will combine by balanced equations in which the number of each type of atom is the same on either side of the equation. For example, two hydrogen molecules combine with one oxygen molecule to form water. This is a balanced chemical equation because the number of each type of atom is same on both sides of the arrow. It has to balance because the reaction obeys the Law of Conservation of Mass.
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Question 2: Define the Law of Conservation of Energy.
Answer 2: The Law of Conservation of Energy is simply a restatement of the First Law of Thermodynamics. It maintains that the total energy that flows into a system has to be equal the total energy that flows out of the system, plus any change in the energy contained within the system. A more common formulation is that energy can be neither created nor destroyed, it can only be converted from one form to another.
Question 3: Define the Law of Definite Proportion or Constant Composition.
Answer 3: The Law of Definite Proportion or Constant Composition is usually attributed to Dalton and/or Proust and says “Regardless of the method of separation, a pure compound will always contain the same elements in the same proportion by mass.” Dalton specifically contributed to the law by the inclusion of the atomic hypothesis. He reasoned that because these elements were atoms that were indivisible, each of the pure compounds “should contain the same proportion of these atoms regardless of the method of preparation.
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