Speech 6-12, Part 1
Question 1: Describe the anatomical structures that are responsible for voice resonance.
Answer 1: Resonance is the alteration of sounds produced by the larynx. The following structures serve to alter sounds:Pharynx: located just beyond the throat and nasal cavity. Both air and food pass through this space.Nasal cavity: principal in creating /m/ and /n/ soundsVelum: soft area in roof of the mouth near the back of the throat that moves back or is lifted in the production of soundsOral cavity: the main resonating source for sounds in English
Question 2: Describe the mouth structures involved in articulation.
Answer 2: Articulation refers to the manner in which the mouth structures move in order to produce speech. The following mouth structures are important for articulation:Pharynx: divided into three parts 1. Laryngopharynx, first portion of pharynx beginning just before the larynx terminating at the base of the tongue 2. Oropharynx, beginning at the base of the tongue and terminating at the soft palate 3. Nasopharynx terminates at the level of the nasal cavity Soft palate: located at the back portion of the roof of the mouth. It is also called the velum. Hard palate: forms the roof of the mouth Mandible: the jawbone containing the lower teeth and tongue Teeth, tongue, lips, and cheeks are the remainder of the mouth structures that are important in speech production.
Question 3: Describe the role of the mouth structures in articulation.
Answer 3: Pharynx: The laryngopharynx and oropharynx give resonance to speech sounds. The nasopharynx gives resonance to the /m/ and /n/ speech sounds. Soft palate: Elevation of the soft palate during speech causes separation of the mouth from the nasal cavity. If this function is defective, the voice will sound produce a nasal sound.Hard palate: The contact of the tongue against the hard palate is essential in producing many speech sounds.Mandible: This bone is responsible for the opening and closing of the mouth.Teeth: Aside from chewing, the teeth assist in the production of several sounds. For example, the /th/ sound is produced by the tongue against the upper teeth.Tongue: Aside from eating, the action of the tongue is important in the production of many sounds.Lips and cheeks: Their movement is important in the production of all sounds.
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