Stimulants, Part 2
Question 1: Define and discuss Norepinephrine and Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors (NDRIs)
Answer 1: Norepinephrine and Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors (NDRIs)These compounds inhibit the uptake of the monoamines dopamine and norepinephrine into storage vesicles, effectively increasing their amounts in the brain and causing a stimulating effect. Many of these compounds are effective ADHD medications and antidepressants. The most popular and well-known dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor antidepressant is bupropion (Wellbutrin). Other examples of NDRIs include MDPV, pyrovalerone, mazindol and pipradrol. Although these medicines have similar methods of action to stimulants, they are less popular for abuse (thus not scheduled) and have an extended release mechanism or a very long half life. Many NDRIs are also phenethylamines.
There are lots of good resources about Stimulants that you can find available.
Question 2: Define and discuss nicotine.
Answer 2: Nicotine is an alkaloid found in the nightshade family of plants (Solanaceae), predominantly in tobacco, and in lower quantities in tomato, potato, eggplant (aubergine), and green pepper. Nicotine alkaloids are also found in the leaves of the coca plant.
Question 3: Define and discuss caffeine.
Answer 3: Caffeine is a drug that is found naturally in coffee, tea, and to a small extent cocoa. It is also found in many soft drinks, particularly energy drinks like Mountain Dew and Monster. Caffeine stimulates the body, increasing heart rate and blood pressure, and alertness, making some people feel better and able to concentrate. Caffeine is also a diuretic. The vast majority (over 80) of people in the United States consume caffeine on a daily basis. As a result, few jurisdictions restrict its sale and use.Caffeine is also sold in some countries as an isolated drug (as opposed to its natural occurrence in many foods). It serves as a mild stimulant to ward off sleepiness and sees wide use among people who must remain alert in their work (e.g., truck drivers, military members). Some medications contain caffeine as one of their minor active ingredients, often for the purpose of enhancing the effect of the main ingredient or reducing one of its side effects.
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