Telecommunications and Networks, Part 3
Question 1: Define access controls and name the three main steps used in a typical security system.
Answer 1: Access controls determine who can gain access to the network or portions of the network. The three steps of access control determine who is trying to access the network and whether they should be allowed to do so.The three steps of access control are:User identification—the user enters a user name and password to identify himself.User authentication—requires a physical item such as an access card for further identification.User authorization—once the user has been identified and authenticated, he is allowed access to the network or parts of the network.The first two steps make use of user profiles that describe authorized users. The authorization step uses access-control files that tell what parts of the network each user is allowed to access.
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Question 2: Discuss the types of intrusion detection, including virus-protection software and insider-threat prediction.
Answer 2: Intrusion detection identifies an unauthorized entry into the system and stops the attempt before it can cause harm to the system. The best-known form of intrusion detection is virus-protection software. Virus protection is largely aimed at preventing viruses from entering the system via email or through Internet browsing.Insider-threat prediction evaluates a user’s identification to determine whether he might be a threat. These prediction tools will evaluate the user’s position, default access, and other elements of his user profile to determine whether he is a threat.
Question 3: Describe the function of a firewall.
Answer 3: A firewall provides a protective barrier between a company network and outside networks such as the Internet in general. The firewall is software that is intended to protect the entire network rather than individual computers. The firewall can be set up to filter certain domains, certain IP addresses, or specific file types from crossing into or accessing the network. The level of protection is determined by how the firewall itself is configured.Firewall software is available for use on individual computers as well, through the operating system itself or from popular virus-protection software companies such as Norton and McAfee.
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